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ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΟΣ
Ὦ τοῦ στρατηγήσαντος ἐν Τροίᾳ ποτὲ
Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖ, νῦν ἐκεῖν᾿ ἔξεστί σοι
παρόντι λεύσσειν, ὧν πρόθυμος ἦσθ᾿ ἀεί.
τὸ γὰρ παλαιὸν Ἄργος οὑπόθεις τόδε,
5
τῆς οἰστροπλῆγος ἄλσος Ἰνάχου κόρης·
αὕτη δ᾿, Ὀρέστα, τοῦ λυκοκτόνου θεοῦ
ἀγορὰ Λύκειος· οὑξ ἀριστερᾶς δ᾿ ὅδε
Ἥρας ὁ κλεινὸς ναός· οἷ δ᾿ ἱκάνομεν,
φάσκειν Μυκήνας τὰς πολυχρύσους ὁρᾶν,
10
πολύφθορόν τε δῶμα Πελοπιδῶν τόδε,
ὅθεν σε πατρὸς ἐκ φονῶν ἐγώ ποτε
πρὸς σῆς ὁμαίμου καὶ κασιγνήτης λαβὼν
ἤνεγκα κἀξέσωσα κἀξεθρεψάμην
τοσόνδ᾿ ἐς ἥβης, πατρὶ τιμωρὸν φόνου.
15
νῦν οὖν, Ὀρέστα καὶ σὺ φίλτατε ξένων
Πυλάδη, τί χρὴ δρᾶν ἐν τάχει βουλευτέον·
ὡς ἡμὶν ἤδη λαμπρὸν ἡλίου σέλας
ἑῷα κινεῖ φθέγματ᾿ ὀρνίθων σαφῆ
μέλαινά τ᾿ ἄστρων ἐκλέλοιπεν εὐφρόνη.
20
πρὶν οὖν τιν᾿ ἀνδρῶν ἐξοδοιπορεῖν στέγης,
ξυνάπτετον λόγοισιν· ὡς ἐνταῦθ᾿ †ἐμὲν
ἵν᾿ οὐκέτ᾿ ὀκνεῖν καιρός, ἀλλ᾿ ἔργων ἀκμή.
ΟΡΕΣΤΗΣ
ὦ φίλτατ᾿ ἀνδρῶν προσπόλων, ὥς μοι σαφῆ
σημεῖα φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς εἰς ἡμᾶς γεγώς.
25
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἵππος εὐγενής, κἂν ᾖ γέρων,
ἐν τοῖσι δεινοῖς θυμὸν οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν,
ἀλλ᾿ ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ σὺ
ἡμᾶς τ᾿ ὀτρύνεις καὐτὸς ἐν πρώτοις ἕπῃ.
τοιγὰρ τὰ μὲν δόξαντα δηλώσω, σὺ δὲ
30
ὀξεῖαν ἀκοὴν τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις διδούς,
εἰ μή τι καιροῦ τυγχάνω, μεθάρμοσον.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡνίχ᾿ ἱκόμην τὸ Πυθικὸν
μαντεῖον, ὡς μάθοιμ᾿ ὅτῳ τρόπῳ πατρὶ
δίκας ἀροίμην τῶν φονευσάντων πάρα,
35
χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθ᾿ ὁ Φοῖβος ὧν πεύσῃ τάχα·
ἄσκευον αὐτὸν ἀσπίδων τε καὶ στρατοῦ
δόλοισι κλέψαι χειρὸς ἐνδίκου σφαγάς.
ὅτ᾿ οὖν τοιόνδε χρησμὸν εἰσηκούσαμεν,
σὺ μὲν μολών, ὅταν σε καιρὸς εἰσάγῃ,
40
δόμων ἔσω τῶνδ᾿, ἴσθι πᾶν τὸ δρώμενον,
ὅπως ἂν εἰδὼς ἡμὶν ἀγγείλῃς σαφῆ.
οὐ γάρ σε μὴ γήρᾳ τε καὶ χρόνῳ μακρῷ
γνῶσ᾿, οὐδ᾿ ὑποπτεύσουσιν, ὧδ᾿ ἠνθισμένον.
λόγῳ δὲ χρῶ τοιῷδ᾿, ὅτι ξένος μὲν εἶ
45
Φωκέως παρ᾿ ἀνδρὸς Φανοτέως ἥκων· ὁ γὰρ
μέγιστος αὐτοῖς τυγχάνει δορυξένων.
ἄγγελλε δ᾿ ὅρκον προστιθεὶς ὁθούνεκα
τέθνηκ᾿ Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης,
ἄθλοισι Πυθικοῖσιν ἐκ τροχηλάτων
δίφρων κυλισθείς· ὧδ᾿ ὁ μῦθος ἑστάτω.
ἡμεῖς δὲ πατρὸς τύμβον, ὡς ἐφίετο,
λοιβαῖσι πρῶτον καὶ καρατόμοις χλιδαῖς
στέψαντες, εἶτ᾿ ἄψορρον ἥξομεν πάλιν,
τύπωμα χαλκόπλευρον ἠρμένοι χεροῖν,
55
ὃ καὶ σὺ θάμνοις οἶσθά που κεκρυμμένον,
ὅπως λόγῳ κλέπτοντες ἡδεῖαν φάτιν
φέρωμεν αὐτοῖς, τοὐμὸν ὡς ἔρρει δέμας
φλογιστὸν ἤδη καὶ κατηνθρακωμένον.
τί γάρ με λυπεῖ τοῦθ᾿, ὅταν λόγῳ θανὼν
60
ἔργοισι σωθῶ κἀξενέγκωμαι κλέος;
δοκῶ μέν, οὐδὲν ῥῆμα σὺν κέρδει κακόν.
ἤδη γὰρ εἶδον πολλάκις καὶ τοὺς σοφοὺς
λόγῳ μάτην θνῄσκοντας· εἶθ᾿, ὅταν δόμους
ἔλθωσιν αὖθις, ἐκτετίμηνται πλέον·
65
ὣς κἄμ᾿ ἐπαυχῶ τῆσδε τῆς φήμης ἄπο
δεδορκότ᾿ ἐχθροῖς ἄστρον ὣς λάμψειν ἔτι.
ἀλλ᾿, ὦ πατρῴα γῆ θεοί τ᾿ ἐγχώριοι,
δέξασθέ μ᾿ εὐτυχοῦντα ταῖσδε ταῖς ὁδοῖς,
σύ τ᾿, ὦ πατρῷον δῶμα· σοῦ γὰρ ἔρχομαι
70
δίκῃ καθαρτὴς πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος·
καὶ μή μ᾿ ἄτιμον τῆσδ᾿ ἀποστείλητε γῆς,
ἀλλ᾿ ἀρχέπλουτον καὶ καταστάτην δόμων.
εἴρηκα μέν νυν ταῦτα· σοὶ δ᾿ ἤδη, γέρον,
τὸ σὸν μελέσθω βάντι φρουρῆσαι χρέος.
75
νὼ δ᾿ ἔξιμεν· καιρὸς γάρ, ὅσπερ ἀνδράσιν
μέγιστος ἔργου παντός ἐστ᾿ ἐπιστάτης.
ΗΛΕΚΤΡΑ
ἰώ μοί μοι δύστηνος.
ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΟΣ
καὶ μὴν θυρῶν ἔδοξα προσπόλων τινὸς
ὑποστενούσης ἔνδον αἰσθέσθαι, τέκνον.
ΟΡΕΣΤΗΣ
80
ἆρ᾿ ἐστὶν ἡ δύστηνος Ἠλέκτρα; θέλεις
μείνωμεν αὐτοῦ κἀπακούσωμεν γόων;
ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΟΣ
ἥκιστα. μηδὲν πρόσθεν ἢ τὰ Λοξίου
πειρώμεθ᾿ ἔρδειν κἀπὸ τῶνδ᾿ ἀρχηγετεῖν,
πατρὸς χέοντες λουτρά· ταῦτα γὰρ φέρειν
85
νίκην τέ φημι καὶ κράτος τῶν δρωμένων.
Ὦ τοῦ στρατηγήσαντος ἐν Τροίᾳ ποτὲ
Ἀγαμέμνονος παῖ, νῦν ἐκεῖν᾿ ἔξεστί σοι
παρόντι λεύσσειν, ὧν πρόθυμος ἦσθ᾿ ἀεί.
τὸ γὰρ παλαιὸν Ἄργος οὑπόθεις τόδε,
5
τῆς οἰστροπλῆγος ἄλσος Ἰνάχου κόρης·
αὕτη δ᾿, Ὀρέστα, τοῦ λυκοκτόνου θεοῦ
ἀγορὰ Λύκειος· οὑξ ἀριστερᾶς δ᾿ ὅδε
Ἥρας ὁ κλεινὸς ναός· οἷ δ᾿ ἱκάνομεν,
φάσκειν Μυκήνας τὰς πολυχρύσους ὁρᾶν,
10
πολύφθορόν τε δῶμα Πελοπιδῶν τόδε,
ὅθεν σε πατρὸς ἐκ φονῶν ἐγώ ποτε
πρὸς σῆς ὁμαίμου καὶ κασιγνήτης λαβὼν
ἤνεγκα κἀξέσωσα κἀξεθρεψάμην
τοσόνδ᾿ ἐς ἥβης, πατρὶ τιμωρὸν φόνου.
15
νῦν οὖν, Ὀρέστα καὶ σὺ φίλτατε ξένων
Πυλάδη, τί χρὴ δρᾶν ἐν τάχει βουλευτέον·
ὡς ἡμὶν ἤδη λαμπρὸν ἡλίου σέλας
ἑῷα κινεῖ φθέγματ᾿ ὀρνίθων σαφῆ
μέλαινά τ᾿ ἄστρων ἐκλέλοιπεν εὐφρόνη.
20
πρὶν οὖν τιν᾿ ἀνδρῶν ἐξοδοιπορεῖν στέγης,
ξυνάπτετον λόγοισιν· ὡς ἐνταῦθ᾿ †ἐμὲν
ἵν᾿ οὐκέτ᾿ ὀκνεῖν καιρός, ἀλλ᾿ ἔργων ἀκμή.
ΟΡΕΣΤΗΣ
ὦ φίλτατ᾿ ἀνδρῶν προσπόλων, ὥς μοι σαφῆ
σημεῖα φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς εἰς ἡμᾶς γεγώς.
25
ὥσπερ γὰρ ἵππος εὐγενής, κἂν ᾖ γέρων,
ἐν τοῖσι δεινοῖς θυμὸν οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν,
ἀλλ᾿ ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ σὺ
ἡμᾶς τ᾿ ὀτρύνεις καὐτὸς ἐν πρώτοις ἕπῃ.
τοιγὰρ τὰ μὲν δόξαντα δηλώσω, σὺ δὲ
30
ὀξεῖαν ἀκοὴν τοῖς ἐμοῖς λόγοις διδούς,
εἰ μή τι καιροῦ τυγχάνω, μεθάρμοσον.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ἡνίχ᾿ ἱκόμην τὸ Πυθικὸν
μαντεῖον, ὡς μάθοιμ᾿ ὅτῳ τρόπῳ πατρὶ
δίκας ἀροίμην τῶν φονευσάντων πάρα,
35
χρῇ μοι τοιαῦθ᾿ ὁ Φοῖβος ὧν πεύσῃ τάχα·
ἄσκευον αὐτὸν ἀσπίδων τε καὶ στρατοῦ
δόλοισι κλέψαι χειρὸς ἐνδίκου σφαγάς.
ὅτ᾿ οὖν τοιόνδε χρησμὸν εἰσηκούσαμεν,
σὺ μὲν μολών, ὅταν σε καιρὸς εἰσάγῃ,
40
δόμων ἔσω τῶνδ᾿, ἴσθι πᾶν τὸ δρώμενον,
ὅπως ἂν εἰδὼς ἡμὶν ἀγγείλῃς σαφῆ.
οὐ γάρ σε μὴ γήρᾳ τε καὶ χρόνῳ μακρῷ
γνῶσ᾿, οὐδ᾿ ὑποπτεύσουσιν, ὧδ᾿ ἠνθισμένον.
λόγῳ δὲ χρῶ τοιῷδ᾿, ὅτι ξένος μὲν εἶ
45
Φωκέως παρ᾿ ἀνδρὸς Φανοτέως ἥκων· ὁ γὰρ
μέγιστος αὐτοῖς τυγχάνει δορυξένων.
ἄγγελλε δ᾿ ὅρκον προστιθεὶς ὁθούνεκα
τέθνηκ᾿ Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης,
ἄθλοισι Πυθικοῖσιν ἐκ τροχηλάτων
δίφρων κυλισθείς· ὧδ᾿ ὁ μῦθος ἑστάτω.
ἡμεῖς δὲ πατρὸς τύμβον, ὡς ἐφίετο,
λοιβαῖσι πρῶτον καὶ καρατόμοις χλιδαῖς
στέψαντες, εἶτ᾿ ἄψορρον ἥξομεν πάλιν,
τύπωμα χαλκόπλευρον ἠρμένοι χεροῖν,
55
ὃ καὶ σὺ θάμνοις οἶσθά που κεκρυμμένον,
ὅπως λόγῳ κλέπτοντες ἡδεῖαν φάτιν
φέρωμεν αὐτοῖς, τοὐμὸν ὡς ἔρρει δέμας
φλογιστὸν ἤδη καὶ κατηνθρακωμένον.
τί γάρ με λυπεῖ τοῦθ᾿, ὅταν λόγῳ θανὼν
60
ἔργοισι σωθῶ κἀξενέγκωμαι κλέος;
δοκῶ μέν, οὐδὲν ῥῆμα σὺν κέρδει κακόν.
ἤδη γὰρ εἶδον πολλάκις καὶ τοὺς σοφοὺς
λόγῳ μάτην θνῄσκοντας· εἶθ᾿, ὅταν δόμους
ἔλθωσιν αὖθις, ἐκτετίμηνται πλέον·
65
ὣς κἄμ᾿ ἐπαυχῶ τῆσδε τῆς φήμης ἄπο
δεδορκότ᾿ ἐχθροῖς ἄστρον ὣς λάμψειν ἔτι.
ἀλλ᾿, ὦ πατρῴα γῆ θεοί τ᾿ ἐγχώριοι,
δέξασθέ μ᾿ εὐτυχοῦντα ταῖσδε ταῖς ὁδοῖς,
σύ τ᾿, ὦ πατρῷον δῶμα· σοῦ γὰρ ἔρχομαι
70
δίκῃ καθαρτὴς πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος·
καὶ μή μ᾿ ἄτιμον τῆσδ᾿ ἀποστείλητε γῆς,
ἀλλ᾿ ἀρχέπλουτον καὶ καταστάτην δόμων.
εἴρηκα μέν νυν ταῦτα· σοὶ δ᾿ ἤδη, γέρον,
τὸ σὸν μελέσθω βάντι φρουρῆσαι χρέος.
75
νὼ δ᾿ ἔξιμεν· καιρὸς γάρ, ὅσπερ ἀνδράσιν
μέγιστος ἔργου παντός ἐστ᾿ ἐπιστάτης.
ΗΛΕΚΤΡΑ
ἰώ μοί μοι δύστηνος.
ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΟΣ
καὶ μὴν θυρῶν ἔδοξα προσπόλων τινὸς
ὑποστενούσης ἔνδον αἰσθέσθαι, τέκνον.
ΟΡΕΣΤΗΣ
80
ἆρ᾿ ἐστὶν ἡ δύστηνος Ἠλέκτρα; θέλεις
μείνωμεν αὐτοῦ κἀπακούσωμεν γόων;
ΠΑΙΔΑΓΩΓΟΣ
ἥκιστα. μηδὲν πρόσθεν ἢ τὰ Λοξίου
πειρώμεθ᾿ ἔρδειν κἀπὸ τῶνδ᾿ ἀρχηγετεῖν,
πατρὸς χέοντες λουτρά· ταῦτα γὰρ φέρειν
85
νίκην τέ φημι καὶ κράτος τῶν δρωμένων.
Enter Orestes, Pylades, and the old Slave. They stand before the central door of the stage building, which represents the palace of Mycenae.
old SlaveSon of Agamemnon who once led the army before Troy, now you can gaze with your own eyes on what you have always longed to see! This is the ancient Argos for which you used to long, the precinct of the daughter of Inachus whom the gadfly stung; and this, Orestes, is the Lycean marketplace of the wolf-killing god; a this to the left is the famous temple of Hera; and at the place where we have arrived, you may say that you see Mycenae, rich in gold, and the house of the sons of Pelops here, rich in disasters, from which I once carried you, after your father’s murder, receiving you from your own sister, and kept you safe and raised you up to this stage of youthful vigour, to avenge your father’s murder. So now, Orestes, and you, dearest of hosts, Pylades, you must speedily decide what you must do; for already we hear the morning voices of the birds whom the bright beam of the sun is arousing, and the black night of stars has departed. So before any man leaves the house you must take counsel, since in this place this is no occasion to hesitate, but it is time to act.
Orestes
Dearest of retainers, how clearly you show your loyalty to us! Just as a noble horse, even if he is old, does not lose his spirit in a time of danger, but pricks up his ear, just so do you urge us on and yourself are foremost in support. So I will explain my decisions, and do you lend a prompt ear to my words, and if I do not hit the mark, correct me! When I went to the Pythian oracle to learn how I might get vengeance for my father on his murderers, Phoebus gave me a prophecy which you shall soon hear; that alone, without the help of armed men or of an army, I should accomplish by cunning the slaughter done by a righteous hand. Then, since this is the nature of the oracle I heard, do you go into this house, when you have the chance to enter it, and find out everything that they are doing, so that you can report to us with certain knowledge. They will never know you, grizzled as you are with age and the passage of time, and they will not suspect you. Tell this story, that you are a foreigner come from Phanoteus the Phocian—for he is the greatest of their allies—and tell them, speaking on oath, that Orestes is dead by an accident, having fallen from his moving chariot in the Pythian games; let that be your tale! And we will first honour my father’s tomb, as the god commanded, with libations and with a tribute of luxuriant hair; then we will return once more, carrying in our hands the bronze urn which as you know is hidden in the bushes, so that we can deceive them with our story and bring them happy news, that my body has already been burnt to ashes. How can this hurt me, if I am dead in fiction, but in fact am safe and can win glory? I think, no word that brings you gain is bad. Yes, often in the past I have known clever men dead in fiction but not dead; and then when they return home the honour they receive is all the greater. Just so I believe that as a result of this story, alive, I shall shine like a star upon my enemies. But do you, my native land, and you, gods of the place, receive me in good fortune on this mission, and you, house of my fathers! For I come in justice to cleanse you, sped on my way by the gods. And do not send me from the land dishonoured, but let me control my riches and set my house upon its feet! That is my speech; and do you now, old man, make it your business to go and attend to what you have to do. And we two will be off; it is the moment, and the moment is the chief determiner of every action for men.
From inside the palace comes the
voice of Electra
Ah me, ah me, alas!
old slaveWhy, I thought I heard one of the slaves behind the door groaning, my son!
orestesIs it the unfortunate Electra? Would you like us to stay here and listen to her laments?
old slaveBut no! Let us attempt nothing before obeying Loxias, and begin from that, pouring libations to your father; I say that that brings victory and success in what has to be done!
Exeunt by one of the side passages orestes, pylades, and the old slave. From the palace, enter electra.
old SlaveSon of Agamemnon who once led the army before Troy, now you can gaze with your own eyes on what you have always longed to see! This is the ancient Argos for which you used to long, the precinct of the daughter of Inachus whom the gadfly stung; and this, Orestes, is the Lycean marketplace of the wolf-killing god; a this to the left is the famous temple of Hera; and at the place where we have arrived, you may say that you see Mycenae, rich in gold, and the house of the sons of Pelops here, rich in disasters, from which I once carried you, after your father’s murder, receiving you from your own sister, and kept you safe and raised you up to this stage of youthful vigour, to avenge your father’s murder. So now, Orestes, and you, dearest of hosts, Pylades, you must speedily decide what you must do; for already we hear the morning voices of the birds whom the bright beam of the sun is arousing, and the black night of stars has departed. So before any man leaves the house you must take counsel, since in this place this is no occasion to hesitate, but it is time to act.
Orestes
Dearest of retainers, how clearly you show your loyalty to us! Just as a noble horse, even if he is old, does not lose his spirit in a time of danger, but pricks up his ear, just so do you urge us on and yourself are foremost in support. So I will explain my decisions, and do you lend a prompt ear to my words, and if I do not hit the mark, correct me! When I went to the Pythian oracle to learn how I might get vengeance for my father on his murderers, Phoebus gave me a prophecy which you shall soon hear; that alone, without the help of armed men or of an army, I should accomplish by cunning the slaughter done by a righteous hand. Then, since this is the nature of the oracle I heard, do you go into this house, when you have the chance to enter it, and find out everything that they are doing, so that you can report to us with certain knowledge. They will never know you, grizzled as you are with age and the passage of time, and they will not suspect you. Tell this story, that you are a foreigner come from Phanoteus the Phocian—for he is the greatest of their allies—and tell them, speaking on oath, that Orestes is dead by an accident, having fallen from his moving chariot in the Pythian games; let that be your tale! And we will first honour my father’s tomb, as the god commanded, with libations and with a tribute of luxuriant hair; then we will return once more, carrying in our hands the bronze urn which as you know is hidden in the bushes, so that we can deceive them with our story and bring them happy news, that my body has already been burnt to ashes. How can this hurt me, if I am dead in fiction, but in fact am safe and can win glory? I think, no word that brings you gain is bad. Yes, often in the past I have known clever men dead in fiction but not dead; and then when they return home the honour they receive is all the greater. Just so I believe that as a result of this story, alive, I shall shine like a star upon my enemies. But do you, my native land, and you, gods of the place, receive me in good fortune on this mission, and you, house of my fathers! For I come in justice to cleanse you, sped on my way by the gods. And do not send me from the land dishonoured, but let me control my riches and set my house upon its feet! That is my speech; and do you now, old man, make it your business to go and attend to what you have to do. And we two will be off; it is the moment, and the moment is the chief determiner of every action for men.
From inside the palace comes the
voice of Electra
Ah me, ah me, alas!
old slaveWhy, I thought I heard one of the slaves behind the door groaning, my son!
orestesIs it the unfortunate Electra? Would you like us to stay here and listen to her laments?
old slaveBut no! Let us attempt nothing before obeying Loxias, and begin from that, pouring libations to your father; I say that that brings victory and success in what has to be done!
Exeunt by one of the side passages orestes, pylades, and the old slave. From the palace, enter electra.
ἀγγέλλω
bear a message
ἀγορά
assembly
ἀγοράζω
frequent
ἀκμή
point, edge
ἄλσος
grove,
ἀναλάζομαι
take again,
ἀνδρόω
change into a man,
ἅπτω
fasten
ἀριστερός
left, on the left,
ἀρχέπλουτος
rich from ancient times
ἄστρον
the stars,
ἄστρον
the star
αὐτός
self
ἄψορρος
going back, backwards,
βλώσκω
go or come
βουλευτέος
one must take counsel
δέρκομαι
see clearly, see,
δίδωμι
give
δίφρος
chariot
δορύξενος
spear-friend,
δράω
do, accomplish,
δῶμα
house
δωμάω
build
ἐκ
from out of,
ἐκεῖνος
the person there, that person
ἐκλείπω
leave out, pass over,
ἐκσῴζω
preserve from danger, keep safe,
ἐκτρέφω
bring up from childhood, rear up
ἐμός
mine
ἐν
in, into.
ἔνδικος
according to right, just, legitimate
ἐνταῦθα
here, there,
ἔξεστι
it is allowed, is possible,
ἐξοδοιπορέω
go out of,
ἔργνυμι
to confine
ἔργον
work, deed
ἐσθλός
good
ἔσθω
eat,
εὐφρόνη
the kindly time
ἐφίημι
send to
ἐχθρός
hated, hateful
ἑῷος
in or of the morning
ἡβάω
attain
ἥβη
youthful prime, youth
ἦδος
delight, pleasure
ἡδύς
pleasant
ἥκω
to have come, be present
ἡλιόομαι
live in the sun, be exposed to the sun
ἥλιος
sun
θεάομαι
gaze at, behold
θεός
God, the Deity
θνήσκω
to die, be dying
ἱκάνω
come
ἱκνέομαι
come
ἵνα
in that place, there
ἵππος
horse
ἵστημι
make to stand
καθαρτής
cleanser, purifier
καιρός
due measure, proportion, fitness
κἀν
and if, even if, although
κασιγνήτη
sister
κατανθρακόομαι
to be burnt to cinders
κινέω
set in motion
κλεινός
famous, renowned
κλέος
rumour, report
κλέπτω
steal
κορέννυμι
satiate, fill
κορέω
sweep out
κόρη
girl
κυλίνδω
roll
λαβή
the part intended for grasping, a handle, haft
λαμπρός
bright, radiant
λεύσσω
look
λογάω
to be fond of talking
λόγος
computation, reckoning
λογόω
introduce
λυκοκτονέω
slay wolves
λυκοκτόνος
wolf-slaying
μακρός
long
μέγας
big
μεθαρμόζω
dispose differently, correct
ναῦς
ship,
ξένη
foreign woman,
ξένος
foreign
ξένος
guest-friend,
ξενόω
make one's friend and guest, entertain,
ξενών
guest-chamber,
οἰστροπλήξ
stung by a gadfly, driven wild,
ὀκνέω
shrink from
ὅμαιμος
of the same blood, related by blood,
ὀξύς
sharp, keen,
ὀρθός
straight,
ὄρνις
bird
παῖς
child
παλαιός
old in years
παλαίω
wrestle
πάλιν
back, backwards
πάρειμι
sum
πατρίς
of one's fathers
πατρῷος
of
ποθέω
long for, yearn after
πολλάκις
many times, often,
πολυφθόρος
destroying many, fraught with death
πολύχρυσος
rich in gold,
πρόθυμος
ready, willing, eager,
πρός
on the side of, in the direction of,
προστίθημι
put to
σαφής
clear, plain, distinct
σαφής
clear, plain, distinct
σέλας
light, brightness, flame
σελάω
shine
σός
your
στεγάζω
cover
στέγη
roof
στέφω
put round
στρατηγέω
to be general
συνάπτω
join together
τάχος
swiftness, speed
ταχύς
swift, fleet
τιμωρός
avenging
τίνω
pay a price
τυγχάνω
happen to be at
τύχη
act
ὑποθέω
make a secret attack,
ὑποπτεύω
to be suspicious,
ὑποτίθημι
place under,
φάσκω
say, affirm, assert,
φάτις
voice from heaven
φέρω
carry, bear
φθέγμα
sound of the voice, voice,
φίλτατος
one's nearest and dearest,
φλογιστός
burnt up,
φονάω
to be athirst for blood, to be murderous,
φονεύω
murder, kill,
φονή
carnage,
φόνος
murder, slaughter,
φονόω
stain with blood,
φρουρέω
keep watch
χείρ
hand
χραύω
scrape, graze, wound slightly,
χράω
fall upon, attack, assail,
χράω
proclaim,
χρή
sum
χρῆ
need, necessity
χρῆ
desires
bear a message
ἀγορά
assembly
ἀγοράζω
frequent
ἀκμή
point, edge
ἄλσος
grove,
ἀναλάζομαι
take again,
ἀνδρόω
change into a man,
ἅπτω
fasten
ἀριστερός
left, on the left,
ἀρχέπλουτος
rich from ancient times
ἄστρον
the stars,
ἄστρον
the star
αὐτός
self
ἄψορρος
going back, backwards,
βλώσκω
go or come
βουλευτέος
one must take counsel
δέρκομαι
see clearly, see,
δίδωμι
give
δίφρος
chariot
δορύξενος
spear-friend,
δράω
do, accomplish,
δῶμα
house
δωμάω
build
ἐκ
from out of,
ἐκεῖνος
the person there, that person
ἐκλείπω
leave out, pass over,
ἐκσῴζω
preserve from danger, keep safe,
ἐκτρέφω
bring up from childhood, rear up
ἐμός
mine
ἐν
in, into.
ἔνδικος
according to right, just, legitimate
ἐνταῦθα
here, there,
ἔξεστι
it is allowed, is possible,
ἐξοδοιπορέω
go out of,
ἔργνυμι
to confine
ἔργον
work, deed
ἐσθλός
good
ἔσθω
eat,
εὐφρόνη
the kindly time
ἐφίημι
send to
ἐχθρός
hated, hateful
ἑῷος
in or of the morning
ἡβάω
attain
ἥβη
youthful prime, youth
ἦδος
delight, pleasure
ἡδύς
pleasant
ἥκω
to have come, be present
ἡλιόομαι
live in the sun, be exposed to the sun
ἥλιος
sun
θεάομαι
gaze at, behold
θεός
God, the Deity
θνήσκω
to die, be dying
ἱκάνω
come
ἱκνέομαι
come
ἵνα
in that place, there
ἵππος
horse
ἵστημι
make to stand
καθαρτής
cleanser, purifier
καιρός
due measure, proportion, fitness
κἀν
and if, even if, although
κασιγνήτη
sister
κατανθρακόομαι
to be burnt to cinders
κινέω
set in motion
κλεινός
famous, renowned
κλέος
rumour, report
κλέπτω
steal
κορέννυμι
satiate, fill
κορέω
sweep out
κόρη
girl
κυλίνδω
roll
λαβή
the part intended for grasping, a handle, haft
λαμπρός
bright, radiant
λεύσσω
look
λογάω
to be fond of talking
λόγος
computation, reckoning
λογόω
introduce
λυκοκτονέω
slay wolves
λυκοκτόνος
wolf-slaying
μακρός
long
μέγας
big
μεθαρμόζω
dispose differently, correct
ναῦς
ship,
ξένη
foreign woman,
ξένος
foreign
ξένος
guest-friend,
ξενόω
make one's friend and guest, entertain,
ξενών
guest-chamber,
οἰστροπλήξ
stung by a gadfly, driven wild,
ὀκνέω
shrink from
ὅμαιμος
of the same blood, related by blood,
ὀξύς
sharp, keen,
ὀρθός
straight,
ὄρνις
bird
παῖς
child
παλαιός
old in years
παλαίω
wrestle
πάλιν
back, backwards
πάρειμι
sum
πατρίς
of one's fathers
πατρῷος
of
ποθέω
long for, yearn after
πολλάκις
many times, often,
πολυφθόρος
destroying many, fraught with death
πολύχρυσος
rich in gold,
πρόθυμος
ready, willing, eager,
πρός
on the side of, in the direction of,
προστίθημι
put to
σαφής
clear, plain, distinct
σαφής
clear, plain, distinct
σέλας
light, brightness, flame
σελάω
shine
σός
your
στεγάζω
cover
στέγη
roof
στέφω
put round
στρατηγέω
to be general
συνάπτω
join together
τάχος
swiftness, speed
ταχύς
swift, fleet
τιμωρός
avenging
τίνω
pay a price
τυγχάνω
happen to be at
τύχη
act
ὑποθέω
make a secret attack,
ὑποπτεύω
to be suspicious,
ὑποτίθημι
place under,
φάσκω
say, affirm, assert,
φάτις
voice from heaven
φέρω
carry, bear
φθέγμα
sound of the voice, voice,
φίλτατος
one's nearest and dearest,
φλογιστός
burnt up,
φονάω
to be athirst for blood, to be murderous,
φονεύω
murder, kill,
φονή
carnage,
φόνος
murder, slaughter,
φονόω
stain with blood,
φρουρέω
keep watch
χείρ
hand
χραύω
scrape, graze, wound slightly,
χράω
fall upon, attack, assail,
χράω
proclaim,
χρή
sum
χρῆ
need, necessity
χρῆ
desires
[PH1]To be a general
[PH2]This line is probably an actor’s interpolation. Meant to increase some star’s part. Quotations about the play in ancient literature start with line two. If you want to read more about the details: here
[PH3]Those things which . . .
[PH4]It is possible . . .
[PH5]participle singular present active masculine dative.
[PH6]The old man, looking southward, points out the chief features of the landscape
[PH7]Genitive plural of the relative pronoun:
[PH8]Eager for: πρόθυμος takes the genitive.
[PH9]verb 2nd sg imperf ind act :agrees with ease some star'mperative.: "ay in ancient literature start with line two.with the inrumpunt (Tacitus0
.
[PH10]The plain of Argos stretching out below Mycenae.
[PH11]= ὁ ἐπόθεις [PH11]
[PH12]οἰστροπλῆγος: noun sg fem gen agrees with Ἰνάχου κόρης.
[PH13]the whole region, regarded as ground which her story has made sacred
[PH14]The daughter of Inachos i.e. Io. His daughter Io, the first priestess of Hera, was loved by Zeus, and changed by the jealous goddess into a cow. The hundred-eyed Argus, charged by Hera to watch her, bound her to an olive-tree in the temenos of the Heraeum ( Apollod. 2. 1. 3). Hermes slew Argus; and Hera then sent the gad-fly which drove Io forth from Argolis on her wanderings.
[PH15]The ἀγορὰ Λύκειος in Argos lay at the eastern foot of the Larisa, or citadel; as Livy (32. 25) describes it, “subiectum arci forum.” The temple of Apollo “Λύκειος” was probably on the north side of the agora, opposite to a temple of Zeus “Νεμεαῖος”. Before its eastern front stood a monument representing a wolf slaying a bull, in memory of the omen which had given the sovereignty to Danaüs ( Paus. 2. 19. 3).
[PH16]An infinitive used as an imperative.: “think that you see . . .”
[PH17]There is a strong contrast between πολυχρύσους [PH17] and πολύφθορόν [PH17]: the city is rich in gold but the palace is only rich in slaughter.
[PH18]‘desolated by many deaths’: Atreus and Thyestes slew their brother Chrysippus; Atreus slew his own son Pleisthenes, and then two sons of Thyestes; Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, slew Atreus and Agamemnon.
[PH2]This line is probably an actor’s interpolation. Meant to increase some star’s part. Quotations about the play in ancient literature start with line two. If you want to read more about the details: here
[PH3]Those things which . . .
[PH4]It is possible . . .
[PH5]participle singular present active masculine dative.
[PH6]The old man, looking southward, points out the chief features of the landscape
[PH7]Genitive plural of the relative pronoun:
[PH8]Eager for: πρόθυμος takes the genitive.
[PH9]verb 2nd sg imperf ind act :agrees with ease some star'mperative.: "ay in ancient literature start with line two.with the inrumpunt (Tacitus0
.
[PH10]The plain of Argos stretching out below Mycenae.
[PH11]= ὁ ἐπόθεις [PH11]
[PH12]οἰστροπλῆγος: noun sg fem gen agrees with Ἰνάχου κόρης.
[PH13]the whole region, regarded as ground which her story has made sacred
[PH14]The daughter of Inachos i.e. Io. His daughter Io, the first priestess of Hera, was loved by Zeus, and changed by the jealous goddess into a cow. The hundred-eyed Argus, charged by Hera to watch her, bound her to an olive-tree in the temenos of the Heraeum ( Apollod. 2. 1. 3). Hermes slew Argus; and Hera then sent the gad-fly which drove Io forth from Argolis on her wanderings.
[PH15]The ἀγορὰ Λύκειος in Argos lay at the eastern foot of the Larisa, or citadel; as Livy (32. 25) describes it, “subiectum arci forum.” The temple of Apollo “Λύκειος” was probably on the north side of the agora, opposite to a temple of Zeus “Νεμεαῖος”. Before its eastern front stood a monument representing a wolf slaying a bull, in memory of the omen which had given the sovereignty to Danaüs ( Paus. 2. 19. 3).
[PH16]An infinitive used as an imperative.: “think that you see . . .”
[PH17]There is a strong contrast between πολυχρύσους [PH17] and πολύφθορόν [PH17]: the city is rich in gold but the palace is only rich in slaughter.
[PH18]‘desolated by many deaths’: Atreus and Thyestes slew their brother Chrysippus; Atreus slew his own son Pleisthenes, and then two sons of Thyestes; Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, slew Atreus and Agamemnon.